Investment Highlights
the world's biggest GM crop growing countries ---- United States, the Senate at the end of 2007 through the new energy bill. On behalf of the United States and the world's strong demand for bio-energy is more explicit. Glyphosate industry will become vigorous development of GM crops ... as one of the biggest beneficiaries of the Monsanto patent expires, control the global market decline gradually to the low-cost, glyphosate production countries, particularly the transfer of China. In the context of high profits , for the capacity expansion will make the next competition will be more intense, the main route from the technology, scale, export channels to compete.
We judge that, even in the end of 2008, many companies driven by profit plan / carry out grass Gan phosphine project production, supply and demand can not make a major reversal. domestic glyphosate industry boom can be extended at least one or two years.
new recruits for our domestic manufacturers of glyphosate, the biggest barrier is the raw material for lack of export channels is limited, moderate level of technology. In glyphosate increased demand, manufacturers can have the inherent advantages of the supply channels and continued expansion of the scale, small firms to stabilize production, raw materials difficult to guarantee.
glyphosate most exports, China Customs has strict restrictions for the source, must meet state environmental approvals for, and a full set of approval procedures at least two years. large-scale preparation of foreign manufacturers in order to process and product quality and control costs, but also tend to choose a steady partner.
key indicators of different processes and process differences, directly determine the product cost. not enough accumulation of technology in general case, the process to determine the cost of the new entrants will be limited to higher prices. utilities inadequate infrastructure and pollution control technologies have increased environmental costs later.
glyphosate industry, the trend to better long-term viability as a species Xin shares to be highly recommended. related companies benefited to varying degrees, be recommended rating. attention Yu Technological progress in the Three Gorges.
one, the industry of high economic value of investments will continue judged ----
Monsanto in 1971 after the successful development of glyphosate application on agriculture in general because of its broad-spectrum nature off is restricted. transgenic plants led to the commercial use of substantial growth in the application of glyphosate for glyphosate industry has brought vitality.
the world's biggest GM crop growing countries the United States in 2007 ---- the Senate on December 13 by an overwhelming majority of the new energy bill. Under Act 2022, the U.S. annual production of bio-energy will reach 360 billion gallons of annual production of 7 to 06 times. By 2015, more than half of new vehicles will must use a biodiesel blend rate of 85% of the mixed fuel, and now often compared to 20% of the mixing ratio increased by 4 times. The adoption of the new U.S. energy bill, representing the U.S. and global strong demand for bio-energy more specific. < br> biological safety, and many other factors, herbicide-resistant traits to crops with the greatest potential for application. has been genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crop varieties, planting a large area of new herbicides will develop the enormous pressure. so glyphosate can be expected has been widely used as an effective low toxicity of new pesticide residue can not be replaced in a short time.
glyphosate industry booming GM crops will become a long-term one of the biggest beneficiaries.
1.2 brings high profits expansion pressure, will not change the trend of the industry present, the rise of glyphosate
expansion boom, the industry widely and actively by the market optimistic about the prospects of future growth to be further developed and refined. Since the technical and commercial value point of view, There is no alternative to the world of new herbicides glyphosate, glyphosate demand growth, the market boom of glyphosate can be maintained at least 10 years.
with the Monsanto patent in all regions due, Monsanto's control of the global market decline gradually to glyphosate production countries, particularly low-cost transfer to China. In the context of high profits, for the capacity expansion will make the next competition will be more intense, mainly from technology line, scale, export channels to compete.
new recruits for our domestic manufacturers of glyphosate, the improvement of environmental requirements and raw materials / access to export channels will be the biggest obstacle.
as the country For the need more than 1 year or even two years.
obtain raw materials, the Xin shares and other large enterprises have their own fixed supply of raw materials manufacturers. new small firms into the lack of scale is almost impossible due to funding self-built upstream and downstream one of the glyphosate production lines, and channels of cooperation has not been established. in glyphosate increased demand, large firms have increased production load or increase by the time of other ways, small firms in order to get a stable raw materials, the implementation of continuous production , but is difficult to guarantee the supply of raw materials.
export channels, China's glyphosate products are the original drug, usually supplied to the large foreign manufacturers to produce glyphosate formulations, and can not be achieved directly on pesticide users sales. this part of the main constraints are: (1). of the provisions of the Customs export quota system, the source must be strictly product description. unable to obtain state approval for expansion of small firms secretly products, it is difficult through the customs exit. (2) . due process is different with different manufacturers, different technical indicators, the quality of products produced vary greatly. Large companies generally tend to choose a stable partner. If the original drug product mix different quality, process control will increase production costs, and can not fully guarantee the product quality and stability. comprehensive terms, this will be the new small firms into one of the biggest obstacles.
from the process perspective, because the number of glyphosate patented technology, the use of different techniques are production can be achieved. However, different techniques as well as between key indicators of similar differences in technology, for the final product quality and yield are greatly affected. If you do not make long-term accumulation of technology, like a short time to master than the domestic high level of technology is not possible. so you can expect the cost of the new entrants will be limited to the process at a high price on.
In addition, given the cost of pollution control. public works construction and pollution control technologies is a longer-term development projects, nor can the power of the short term. You can expect a huge profit driven by small firms, even launched a glyphosate program, in environmental pollution control costs will be enormous.
for glyphosate into our domestic manufacturers of new, improved environmental protection requirements and raw materials / access to export channels will be the biggest obstacle. taking into account the accumulation of technology is not enough new entrants due to high process costs and environmental disposal costs, our judgments are Even in the end of 2008, many companies driven by the interests of the plan / project for the production of glyphosate, can not make a major reversal of supply and demand relationships. Domestic glyphosate industry boom can be extended at least a year or two. We will pay close attention and possible changes in industry trends, provide timely information for investors.
1.3 secondary market investment advice
2.1 Company Profile
glyphosate glyphosate (English common name Glyphosate), also known as Roundup, music and other farmers, is a non-selective absorption within the bud after the effective broad-spectrum herbicide with broad-spectrum, low toxicity and no residue characteristics. formulation of 40% and 10% of the agent is within the absorption-type strong organic leaf Herbicide treatment. green part of the plant can absorb the drug. It can be absorbed shoot down conduction, deep-rooted plants to kill perennial underground rhizome; also available on the same plant transfer between different tillers, killing does not reach the tiller or branching agents.
Herbicide Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, can effectively control almost all of annual and perennial grasses, dicotyledonous weeds and shrubs, able to kill the world's ten large deep-rooted perennial weed is difficult.
2.2 Detailed Analysis of transgenic crops
application of transgenic plants using recombinant DNA technology is an excellent gene cloned into plant cells or tissue, and in which to express, to gain new traits of plants. This technology overcomes the limitations of plant sexual hybridization, so that unlimited expansion of the scope of gene flow may be from bacteria, viruses, animals, distant plants, and even received synthetic human genes into plants, so its prospects are bright. Since 1983 the world's first case of transgenic tobacco since the advent of transgenic plants and application have been developing rapidly, 1996-2006, the world of transgenic plants in 22 countries planted area from 1996 to 1.7 million hectares to increase to 102 million hectares in 2006, an increase of 60 times. only the seeds of GM crops worldwide sales in 2006 reached 6.3 billion, 75 times that of 1995.
While accompanying the safety of transgenic plants issues and public attitudes, technical barriers to trade and ethical, religious and other complex factors lead to a high technology content of the political, economic issues, as the international and domestic focus of widespread concern and hot, but the prospects for the development of transgenic plants is no doubt.
2.2.1 GM crops can meet growing world population demand for food worldwide in
2006 has more than 6.5 billion population is expected to reach 9.0 billion .2050. At that time, over 90 % of the population will be concentrated in Asia, Africa and Latin America and other developing countries. the rapid population growth, declining arable land, food problems facing many countries in the world a very difficult problem. At present, developing countries 840 million people are malnourished, 13 million people are hungry. Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug that, in order to meet the world food supply, grain yield increase compared with 1990 to 80%, can not hope to expand the cultivated area and irrigation capabilities. can only be improved by a high-yielding crop varieties and breeding can be achieved. In order to achieve this goal. transgenic technology is only the use of biological effect on the transformation of crop species.
20 developed in 80 century bio-genetic engineering technology (transgenic technology) on the part of the transformation of crops were accurate. to create a high-yield, high quality, multi-resistant crop varieties. its products is satisfactory, allow growers to obtain great benefits.
2.2.2 GM crops through biotechnology, the contribution of fuels to achieve energy
biofuels present, including two, one is ethanol, primarily through the sugar cane, corn and other crops produced; the other is the bio-diesel, the main from oil crops such as soybean and olive, palm produce.
biotechnology on the importance of biofuels is that biotechnology allows us to use the lowest cost to maximize production and efficiency. bio-technology in the application of biofuels for more and more attention.
can not only benefit the national economy of developing countries, poor countries can make these people return, most poor people live mainly in rural areas, most of them are resource-poor small-scale subsistence farmers , or the lack of land, completely dependent on agriculture and forestry to the rural labor force to make a living.
According to the current trends, the future can be used to produce ethanol and biodiesel energy crops cultivation of genetically modified will have increased significantly, on the one hand can be replaced fossil fuels, on the other hand can achieve the recycling and carbon sequestration.
According to research, bio-fuels can make a net saving rate of energy consumption up to 65%. bio-technology will make a significant global contribution to climate change .
the U.S. through a new energy bill makes the surge in demand for bio-fuel energy
2007 年 12 13, in terms of removing the harmful oil companies, the U.S. Senate overwhelmingly passed the final new energy bill. The White House has said that Bush will approve the revised energy bill.
tax reform has been deleted under the terms of the big oil companies to give the original 135 billion in tax breaks will be canceled and instead used to promote new energy development and energy efficiency. because the Senate made some changes to the bill, so the new bill the House next week will vote again. According to the relevant legal procedures, the new energy bill to become law, approval must also be signed by the president. The White House has said Bush will approve The revised energy bill.
bill proposes the concept of advanced biofuels to enhance bio-energy development
unconventional energy bill in the new Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, put forward the concept of advanced biofuels. In corn starch as the main raw materials on the basis of conventional bio-energy, also stressed that for the other types of starch and sugar based ethanol, cellulosic biofuel, biomass diesel, waste production of ethanol, methane, butanol by the system by certain organic and other alcohols and other non-mainstream bio-energy applications.
concept in advanced biofuels, with a variety of physical and chemical properties of various plant materials (for example: corn stalk and wood) can be used as raw material in bio-refineries transfer into ethanol. these type of materials to meet the United States, about 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the raw material needs, but also need to develop new higher yield of energy crops.
under the Act, to 2022, the United States with an annual output of biological energy will reach 36 billion gallons, to 06 7 times the annual output. By 2015, more than half of new cars will have to use bio-diesel blend fuel mix of 85%, 20% and now hybrid rate is usually increased by 4 times compared above.
2.2.3 GM crops have been commercially successful application of cultivation and rapid growth
sales from a global perspective, the commercialization of transgenic plants concentrated in the successful application of transgenic crops, the planting area and sales doubled, the rapid development.
2006 the global area of transgenic crops jumped 12 million hm2 (hectares), an increase of 13%, reaching 102 million hm2, mark the first time exceeded 100 million hm2; planting the number of farmers of GM crops for the first time more than 10 million in 1996 -2006 the cumulative acreage of more than 500 million hm2, to 5.77 hm2, to achieve a 60-fold increase; the peak of biological technology, biotechnology The application will enhance the food, feed, fiber and fuel crops, and made a number of milestone achievements.
statistics show that in 2006 the global total of the United States, Argentina, Canada, China, South Africa, Australia, India , Romania, Spain, Uruguay, Mexico, Bulgaria, Indonesia, Colombia, Honduras, France, Brazil, the Philippines, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Germany, Slovakia, 22 countries planted genetically modified crops, including 11 developed and 11 developing countries.
22 countries in the 10.3 million farmers planted more than 100 million hm2 of genetically modified crops. 90% of resource-poor small farmers in developing countries, including 6.8 million Chinese farmers, most of them are growing GM cotton. At the same time, there is another 29 countries have ratified the relevant laws and regulations to allow imports of genetically modified crops for food and feed products to the processing of raw materials, or environmental testing.
from the planting area of GM crops in different countries, the distribution situation, 2006, 11 countries worldwide transgenic crop area over 100,000 ha. of which the largest area of the United States, 54.6 million hectares, up 9.6% over 2005, accounting for the total global transgenic crop area of 53.5%.
Although In recent years, the United States of transgenic crop area of global transgenic crops of the total area ratio of a declining trend, from 1998, 73.7% to 2006, 53.5%, but the United States, genetically modified crop production leading powers the short term will not waver; Argentina acreage of GM crops after the United States the world's second door in 2006, planted 18 million hectares, up 5.3% over the previous year, accounting for the total global area of transgenic crops, 17.6%; Brazil in 2006, Habitat acreage of GM crops third in the world, 11.5 million hectares, an increase of 22.3%, accounting for the total global area of transgenic crops, 11.3%; Canada's total crop area of 6.1 million hectares, accounting for 6%, ranking fourth in the world; India, planted in 2006 GM crops of 3.8 million hectares, an increase of 192.3 percent, accounting for the global transgenic crop area of 3.7%, ranking fifth. the 5 countries in 2006, GM crops planting area totaled 94 million hectares, accounting for the global transgenic crops 92.2% of the total area planted. The remaining 17 countries planted biotech crops total area of about 8 million hectares, only the global transgenic crop area 7.8%.
from 1996 to 2006, the global transgenic crops in developing countries .2006 acreage continued to grow year by year, the acreage of GM crops in developing countries share of global GM crops 40% of the total area, equivalent to 40.9 million hm2. on behalf of the Southern Hemisphere three mainland ---- Asia, Latin America and Africa 5 major developing countries (China, India, Argentina, Brazil and South Africa) in the application of agricultural biotechnology and the impact of rising, indicating that the future of GM crops worldwide will have a good adoption rate and acceptance.
General GM crops in the area of difference between developed and developing countries, as well as different food and energy economies, the huge potential demand, we judge, in 2006, 2nd 2015, 10 years of commercialization of transgenic crops still has great potential.
2.2.4 different types of sub-cultivation of GM crops GM crops
continued growth in the world will become a trend, even before the EU ban on the use of biotechnology is also growing recognition that the transgenic Advantage .2006 crop of transgenic corn in France turned the area several times, reaching the 5000 hm2. the next decade, many factors will promote the growth of GM crops grown far beyond the country early.
approved by the U.S. federal government commercial application of genetically modified crops currently 15 species, but in 2006 a large-scale commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops to soybeans, corn, rape of four. other types of genetically modified crops, such as genetically modified potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkin, papaya, sugar beet due to small acreage without the associated statistics.
2006 the global area of transgenic crops is 102 million hectares, an increase of 12 million hectares in 2005, up 13%. in 2006 in the area of transgenic crops, transgenic soybean, transgenic maize, transgenic cotton and transgenic oilseed rape have 58.6 million hectares, 25.2 million hectares, 13.4 million hectares and 4.8 million hectares, accounting for 57%, 25%, 13% and 5% of the total of 11 developing countries .2006 planted 40.9 million hectares of transgenic crops, an increase of 21%; 11 countries planted 61.1 million hectares of transgenic crops, an increase of 9%.
stand on a variety of global transgenic crop area planted of view, to GM soy cent of the global transgenic plants the largest total of 58.6 million hectares, compared to 2005 increased by 7.0%, accounting for 2006 global GM crop area of 57%. planting area in second place is the genetically modified corn in 2006, the planting area 25.2 million hectares, an increase of 18.0%, GM crops accounted for 25.0% of the total area; transgenic cotton acreage third, to 13.4 million hectares, up 36% over the previous year, GM crops accounted for 13.0% of the total area; Home fourth of transgenic oilseed rape growing area of 4.8 million hectares, an increase of 4.0%, accounting for GM crops of the total area of 5.0%. other types of genetically modified crops, such as genetically modified potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkin, papaya, sugar beet, due to without the associated small acreage statistics.
acreage of GM crops to account for the proportion of the total area of crops, in 2006 GM soybean area accounts for 63% of the global soybean area, compared to 2005 increased 3 percentage points ; GM maize share of global corn the total area of 18% compared to 2005 increased by 4 percentage points; transgenic cotton of the world's total cotton area of 38% compared to 2005 increased by 10 percentage points; transgenic oilseed rape share of global rape of the total area of 18 %, the same proportion in 2005, but the area increased by 0.2 million hectares.
2.3 herbicide-resistant transgenic crops situation and prospects of commercial application of the herbicide resistance into crops
is to increase the selectivity of herbicides and safety of a new way.
1987 U.S. scientists cloned from petunia in glyphosate resistant mutant EPSP synthase gene into crops results. now isolated from a mutant strain of E. coli, It contains glyphosate resistant EPSP synthase gene mutations, will be introduced into crops. When using glyphosate, the crop from damage, and because glyphosate non-toxic, no residue, easy to break down, do not pollute the environment, and therefore People against glyphosate EPSP synthase gene attaches great importance to genetic manipulation.
the world a variety of commercial crops resistant to glyphosate genes, which promote the widespread application of glyphosate pesticide has a good effect.
Most pest-resistant genetically modified crops have the gene and herbicide tolerance, and thus good quality and high yield.
such as 73% of the genetically modified corn, soybeans, rapeseed can resist herbicides, and the remaining two genes both genetically modified crops. It is reported that and herbicide traits accounted for the main shape of the 78% transgenic, herbicide-resistant oilseed rape in Canada accounted for 62%. herbicide-resistant crops, more and more attention has been paid.
the area sown with GM crops rose sharply, the global weed agent market capacity has been greatly expanded. This is China's glyphosate herbicide to continue to expand exports, overseas markets can be said is a good opportunity. At the same time, pesticides will further shrink the overseas market.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the latest survey data, in 2006 19 states surveyed area using soybeans grown in 98% of herbicide treatment, glyphosate diamine salt is the most widely 92%; rice growing area accounting for about 23% of glyphosate; durum wheat area of about 47% of the application; other spring wheat area of 30% of the application; application area of winter wheat 15%.
2005 survey of 19 states area planted 76.5 million acres of corn, 97% of the herbicide treatment.
survey area of the total area of U.S. corn 93%. NASS surveyed in 2002, 18 states, with 92% of the total herbicide herbicide treatment .2004 the amount of 115.8 billion pounds in 2002 to 114.9 billion pounds.
2004, the glyphosate atrazine after becoming the second widely used corn herbicide. 34% of survey area and the salt treatment with glyphosate 2002, 19% .2005 24 million pounds of glyphosate use more than doubled in 2002.
2005, the herbicide glyphosate is the most important cotton. in the investigation of nine states, it accounted for using the area for 76% of cotton area, the survey area of the United States, 89% of the total area of cotton. The following is a widely used herbicide trifluralin, diuron, and pendimethalin. It is also the active ingredient 4 in 2003, NASS In the survey the most widely used herbicide in cotton.
2.3.1 Application of the herbicide glyphosate as the life of
in our country, that is 80 years of glyphosate in some applications, but due to glyphosate eliminate broad-spectrum nature, fruit trees and other crops is often applied when the accidental injury. In recent years, with GM herbicide-resistant crops, especially the development of transgenic crops, the amount of glyphosate increased year by year.
history by analyzing the application of glyphosate can be seen to be significantly genetically modified crops widely cited as glyphosate and opportunities. According to our professional background, combined with the global economy on the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, we determine the glyphosate remains in the next 10 years will remain at the leading position of herbicides for the following reasons:
few crops resistant to weeds and pests, can also produce resistance to drugs. In recent years, this problem was first reported growing resistance .1982 Weed, weed species were resistant to only 30 years to 100 species of .1990 in 1999 and increased to 171 species, involving a variety of different mechanisms of herbicide resistance to ALS inhibitors in which the weeds the fastest growing, jumping resistant weeds first, accounting for 26%.
glyphosate performance in this area is outstanding. Although it has been widely used in a large area near 3O years, but only very few individual weed resistance to it. This feature is very valuable. The reason, above all, its unique role in target and mechanisms.
.. for human, microbial ecology and environmental performance degradation is a grass-friendly phosphine in the soil willing to change the main reaction. in the natural environment, especially in long-term use of glyphosate and other herbicides to the soil, there can tolerate a wide variety of bacteria and degradation of glyphosate. glyphosate in soil degradation is widespread and rapid. study found that there are two main degradation pathways of glyphosate, CN fracture generated aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) and CP bond cleavage generates creatinine. The two intermediate metabolites and further metabolism phosphoric acid, glycine and carbon dioxide, to provide phosphorus for the bacteria, carbon or nitrogen source. degrading microorganisms are Pseudomonas species, colorless genus, Penicillium spp, thermophilic genus, etc., these organisms can the growth of glyphosate as the sole phosphorus source.
present, glyphosate has become the world's most widely used, yield the greatest variety of pesticides, and its annual sales has been among the pesticide in the first. glyphosate dominant position, not only influence the direction of development of new varieties of pesticides and herbicides on the existing market structure lead to a greater impact. taking into account their excellent properties of glyphosate, readily biodegradable, as well as the enormous variety of alternative cost, we Glyphosate can determine the life of at least 10 years.
2.4 expanded cultivation of GM crops is irreversible, glyphosate industry has become the biggest beneficiary of
growing GM crops can not only reduce the use of highly toxic pesticides with high residues reduce pesticide use during the fossil fuel consumption caused by environmental pollution, is conducive to the improvement of ecological environment; and can reduce the total amount of pesticide use is conducive to minimum tillage and zero tillage farming systems such as the implementation of conservation.
whether To meet the growing world population demand for food, or use an existing corn starch as raw materials for conventional bio-energy or development of new energy crops, higher yields, require a lot of growing GM crops.
take into account environmental factors and biological safety, and many other factors to herbicide-resistant crop trait with the greatest potential for application. has been genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crop varieties, planting a large area of new herbicides will develop the enormous pressure. glyphosate can be expected as a result species has been widely applied in the efficiency and low toxicity of new pesticide residue can not be replaced in a short time. glyphosate industry will become the GM crops flourish one of the biggest beneficiaries.
Third, the transfer of glyphosate production in China will become a great power
the original drug in recent years, glyphosate has been dominated by the world sales leader of pesticides, global demand is expected to reach 100 million tons in 2010. Monsanto is the leading manufacturer of glyphosate. in the United States has two in Belgium, Malaysia, Brazil and Argentina have a total of six factories, is the world leader in the market of glyphosate. Its production capacity of glyphosate production for more than 20 million tons / year, accounting for nearly 40% capacity around the world, which many countries in the world except China has its branches, it can be direct and indirect control of the world market share of glyphosate over 70%.
basic glyphosate North American market supplied by the Monsanto and the major supplier of Chinese glyphosate powder to Argentina and other South American and European and other countries and regions, including Argentina's exports accounted for 1 / 3. But in recent years with increasingly stringent environmental requirements for the developed countries, resulting in the chemical shift in the focus industries, China has become the largest producer of glyphosate. due to lack of registration in the importing country, most of China's glyphosate export through a third party to complete, the domestic export depends on the cost and price advantage, for profit relatively low. the production of glyphosate in China to supply international manufacturers of Preparation of glyphosate formulations, most of the profits earned by middlemen.
3.1 Comparison synthesized
glyphosate glyphosate reported the synthesis of many patents. The synthetic method is very much less common in pesticides.
from Monsanto first developed in 1971 after the success of the United States, Switzerland, Ciba - Geigy (now Syngenta)
and Japanese companies are the synthesis of glyphosate application on a large number of patents. Shenyang Chemical Research Institute of the earliest studies by the test, and in 1980, cooperation with Jiangsu Zhenjiang Jiangnan Chemical Factory, established a 10-chloroacetic acid as starting material % glyphosate production plant In 1987 Shenyang Chemical Research Institute and Zhejiang Jiande pesticide plant, to develop a synthesis of alkyl glyphosate line; later in 1995 and has developed to iminodiacetic acid (ie, IDA) for the synthesis of glyphosate technical material.
organic synthesis based on industrial development in China can provide the raw materials, developed at different times of different process routes, construction of a variety of different routes of production equipment, the formation of the current multi- Routing species coexistence. Although many synthetic routes reported glyphosate, but ultimately summed up in no more than two processes: the alkyl ester method and the IDA method. These two processes of raw materials and processes under different conditions can be separation of many synthetic routes, the main route and technology development as follows:
3.1.1 alkyl ester method glycine alkyl ester method
full name - dialkyl phosphite ester method, based on glycine as the starting material with paraformaldehyde, dialkyl phosphite esters by addition, condensation, hydrolysis of 95% glyphosate. dialkyl phosphite esters according to the different routes can be divided into the following few:
1 ) dimethyl phosphite Act (Act dimethyl)
the route in the last century, developed in the late eighties, because of its relatively simple process, less waste, the product purity of advantages, in our country are a very good development. At present China's major producers of glyphosate Zhejiang Xinan Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd., Nantong Jiangshan Pesticide Chemical Co., Ltd. all adopts the line of production, the route taken by the country's total production of glyphosate on glyphosate production capacity of about 80%.
3).
diethyl phosphite method and the route of dimethyl method similar to the main reaction solvent and the difference between a number of conditions, but because of its color partial products Huang, solid yield is low, not to develop, has basically been eliminated .3.1.2 IDA law, the process refers to the iminodiacetic acid (IDA) as the starting material, prepared by the condensation PMIDA, then oxidation production the synthesis of glyphosate.
The method has a simple production process, using water as reaction medium, easy operation, is commonly used methods of foreign enterprises, especially the U.S. Monsanto has 6 sets in the world to build production devices used in all IDA route, the annual output of 20 tons. UK Syngenta also has a 40,000 t / a production plant.
key technology of the Act is the preparation of iminodiacetic acid and PMIDA Oxidation of ...
